The speed limits of quantum computers have been discovered: to determine them are some characteristics inherent in the quanta, in particular the speed in ‘talking’ with each other. Identifying the limits to the amount of data that can be processed by these computers of the future was a research group from the University of Bonn and the Israel Institute of Technology, with an experiment published in the journal Science Advances.
Quantum computers promise to be very powerful tools, with enormously higher performance than traditional supercomputers, which are capable of performing calculations in seconds that would take millions of years. Yet there are also limits to quantum computers. The heart of these new computers are quantum bits, called qubit, which are the minimum units of information that, similarly to what happens in traditional computers, must interact with each other in a sort of dialogue, through devices called logic gates.
Precisely these gates represent a speed limit to the operation of quantum computers because “even in the quantum world, the gates do not work at infinite speed”, observes Andrea Alberti, of the University of Bonn. The researchers focused on these aspects, with an experiment designed to verify two theoretical limits hypothesized already a few decades ago. but never actually experienced.
The experiment measured the behavior of pairs of twins in a kind of trap and was repeated several times, modifying the initial energy of the quanta. The data confirmed what some theoretical physicists hypothesized. In particular, the theorem proposed by Leonid Mandelstam and Igor Tamm and that proposed by Norman Margolus and Lev Levitin had hypothesized that the speed limit in the quantum world was determined both by the energetic uncertainty of the quanta and by their average energy. “It is the first time that both limits of quantum speed can be measured for a complex quantum system – notes Alberti – and also in a single experiment”. As blazingly fast as they are, future quantum computers will be constrained to these two fundamental limits.
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Source From: Ansa
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